Properties | More Info | Isotopes | Spectra
Compounds | Reactions | Production
Atomic: M.A.C. | Reference
Diagrams: Shell | Atomic Radius | Electron || Images
Cerium
Electrons per shell 2,8,18,19,9,2
Electron Configuration [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 open electron config
Ground state 14
Atomic Volume 20.67 cm3 mol-1
Electronegativity 1.12
Magnetic ordering No data
Mass magnetic susceptibility 2.2 x 10-7
Molar magnetic susceptibility 3.0826 x 10-8
Speed of sound 2100 m s-1
Thermal Properties
Enthalpy of Atomization 381 kJ mol-1 @25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion 8.87 kJ mol-1
Enthalpy of Vaporisation 398 kJ mol-1
Heat Capacity 26.94 J mol-1 K-1
Thermal Conductivity 11.3 W m-1 K-1
Thermal Expansion 6.3 μm m-1 K-1
Hardness
Brinell hardness 412 MPa
Mohs hardness 2.5
Vickers hardness 270 MPa
Elastic Properties
Bulk modulus 21.5 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.24
Shear modulus 13.5 GPa
Young's modulus 33.6 GPa
Electrical Properties
Electrical resistivity 7.4 x 10-7 Ω m
Electrical conductivity 0.0115 106/cm Ω
Chemical Properties
Electrochemical Equivalent 1.7426 g Ah-1
Electron Work Function 2.84 eV
Valence Electron Potential (-eV) 41.78
Ionization Potential  
First 5.54
Second 10.851
Third 20.2
Energy Levels
Kα1 (intensity 100) 34.7197 KeV
Kα2 (intensity 50) 34.2789 KeV
Kβ1 (intensity 21.3) 39.2573 KeV
Kβ2 (intensity 6.9) 40.2227 KeV
Kβ3 (intensity 9) 39.1629 KeV
Lα1 (intensity 100) 4.8402 KeV
Lα2 (intensity 10) 4.823 KeV
Lβ1 (intensity 48) 5.2622 KeV
Lβ2 (intensity 19) 5.6134 KeV
Lβ3 (intensity 10) 5.366 KeV
Lβ4 (intensity 4) 5.2772 KeV
Lγ1 (intensity 6) 6.052 KeV
Lγ2 (intensity 2.1) 6.3262 KeV
Lγ3 (intensity 2) 4.73 KeV
Ll (intensity 4) 4.2906 KeV
Atomic Radii
Empirical 185 pm
Bohr Radius No data.
Covalent Radius No data.
Van der Waals No data.
Triple covalent 131 pm
Metallic 181.8 pm
Oxidation States
Main Ce+3
Other Ce+4
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) show graph
M - M+ 527.4
M+ - M2+ 1047
M2+ - M3+ 1949
M3+ - M4+ 3547
M4+ - M5+ 6800
M5+ - M6+ 8200
M6+ - M7+ 9700
M7+ - M8+ 11800
M8+ - M9+ 13200
M9+ - M10+ 14700
Vapour Pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K
T (K) 1992 2194 2442 2752 3159 3705
Crystal Structure
Structure Hexagonal close packed
a = 362 pm
b = 362 pm
c = 599 pm
α = 90°
β = 90°
γ = 120°